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How Japanese beef is graded

Japanese beef is graded under the carcass trading standard of the Japan Meat Grading Association. In "A5", A is the yield grade and 5 is the meat quality grade.

  • Yield grade (A, B, C) estimates how much meat a carcass yields: A for a yield score of 72 or more, B for 69 to under 72, C for under 69
  • Meat quality grade (5 to 1) is judged on four items — marbling, meat colour and brightness, firmness and texture, and fat colour and quality — and the lowest of the four becomes the grade
  • Marbling (BMS No. 1–12): No. 8–12 is marbling grade 5, No. 5–7 is 4, No. 3–4 is 3, No. 2 is 2 and No. 1 is 1

Brand definitions use this system to set conditions such as "quality grade 4 or higher" or "BMS No. 6 or higher".

Meat quality grade54321A: 72+A5A4A3A2A1B: 69 to <72B5B4B3B2B1C: <69C5C4C3C2C1Yield gradeMarbling (BMS No.) and its grade12345678910111212345

The minimum grade each brand requires

A brand name does not mean A5. Many brands require grade 3 or 4, and some set no grading condition at all.

Pork grading (pork carcass standard)

Pork carcasses are graded under the Japan Meat Grading Association’s pork carcass standard into five grades: Gokujō (極上), Jō (上), Chū (中), Nami (並) and Tōgai (等外, substandard). The standard applies regardless of breed, age or sex. A carcass receives a grade only if it meets that grade’s conditions on all three counts: carcass weight with backfat thickness, appearance, and meat quality. There is no yield grade or BMS as there is for beef.

GradeCarcass weight (skinned)Backfat thickness
Gokujō (極上)73.0〜81.0 kg1.5〜2.1 cm
Jō (上)68.0〜83.0 kg1.3〜2.4 cm
Chū (中)63.0〜88.0 kg0.9–2.7 cm (under 78 kg) / 1.0–3.0 cm (78 kg and over)
Nami (並)Outside the ranges above
Tōgai (等外)Any of: fits none of the grades above; especially poor appearance or meat quality; yellow fat or especially poor fat; boar taint or other off-odour; large trimmed areas after hygiene inspection; heavy contamination

These weight bands are from the revised standard in force since 1 January 2023, which raised both limits by 3 kg. For scalded (skin-on) carcasses the bands are 6 kg heavier. [P001] [P031]

Grading conditions set by pork brands

Sources

  1. 牛枝肉取引規格 — Japan Meat Grading Association ・ Primary source ・ Accessed 2026-09-18
  2. [P001] 豚枝肉取引規格 — Japan Meat Grading Association ・ Primary source ・ Accessed 2026-10-06
  3. [P031] 豚枝肉取引規格の改正について(令和4年5月10日) — Japan Meat Grading Association ・ Primary source ・ Accessed 2026-10-06