How Japanese beef is graded
Japanese beef is graded under the carcass trading standard of the Japan Meat Grading Association. In "A5", A is the yield grade and 5 is the meat quality grade.
- Yield grade (A, B, C) estimates how much meat a carcass yields: A for a yield score of 72 or more, B for 69 to under 72, C for under 69
- Meat quality grade (5 to 1) is judged on four items — marbling, meat colour and brightness, firmness and texture, and fat colour and quality — and the lowest of the four becomes the grade
- Marbling (BMS No. 1–12): No. 8–12 is marbling grade 5, No. 5–7 is 4, No. 3–4 is 3, No. 2 is 2 and No. 1 is 1
Brand definitions use this system to set conditions such as "quality grade 4 or higher" or "BMS No. 6 or higher".
The minimum grade each brand requires
A brand name does not mean A5. Many brands require grade 3 or 4, and some set no grading condition at all.
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Quality grade 5 only1 brand
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Quality grade 4 or higher23 brands
Aomori Towadako Wagyu・Maesawa Beef・Akita Yuri Beef・Mitsunashi Beef・Hitachiwagyu Beef・Tochigi Wagyu・Hayama Beef・Yokohama Beef・Koshu Beef・Murakami Beef・Toyama Wagyu Sake Lees Finished Beef・Shinshu Premium Beef・Horai Beef・Mikawa Beef・Kyoto Beef・Kobe Beef・Tottori Wagyu Olein 55・Hiroshima Beef・Yamaguchi Wagyu Kirameki・Awa Beef・Saga Beef・Oita Wagyu・Miyazaki Beef
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Quality grade 3 or higher25 brands
Shiraoi Beef・Furano Daichi Wagyu・Iwate Beef・Akita Beef・Yamagata Beef・Yonezawa Gyu・Utsunomiya Beef・Niigata Wagyu・Noto Beef・Wakasa Beef・Hida Beef・Enshu Yumesaki Beef・Shizuoka Sodachi・Kuroshio Beef・Chita Wagyu Homare・Kumano Beef・Tottori Wagyu・Chiya Beef・Tsuyama Wagyu・Bichu Beef・Hiba Gyu・Sanuki Beef・Hakata Wagyu・Kumamoto Kuroge Wagyu・Ishigaki Beef
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Quality grade 2 or higher12 brands
Hakkoda Beef・Iwate Tankaku Wagyu・Fukushima Beef・Joshu Beef・Joshu Wagyu・Kakogawa Wagyu・Tajima Beef・Tottori F1・Tottori Gyu・Shimane Wagyu・Iyo Beef Kinu no Aji・Kumamoto Akaushi
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Other forms (BMS only, own scale, or a grade range)7 brands
Nasu Wagyu・Awaji Beef・Kishu Waka Beef・Okayama Wagyu・Tokushima Mitsuboshi Beef・Tosa Rouge Beef・Takachiho Beef
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No grading condition32 brands
Shikaoi Beef・Shihoro Beef・Tokachi Wakaushi・Biratori Wagyu・Kazuno Beef・Tochigi Kirifuri Kogen Beef・Minami Shinshu Beef・Atsumi Beef・Tahara Beef・Chita Beef Hibiki・Iga Beef・Tokusan Matsusaka Ushi・Matsusaka Ushi・Omi Beef・Kameoka Beef・Kyo no Niku・Kurodasho Wagyu・Sanda Beef・Tambasasayama Beef・Tohaku Wagyu・Oki Beef・Okuizumo Wagyu・Jinseki Beef・Olive-fed Wagyu Beef・Tosa Akaushi・Tosa Wagyu・Nagasaki Wagyu・Amakusa Kuroushi・Oita Bungo Beef・Miyakonojo Wagyu・Miyazaki Herb Beef・Kagoshima Wagyu
Pork grading (pork carcass standard)
Pork carcasses are graded under the Japan Meat Grading Association’s pork carcass standard into five grades: Gokujō (極上), Jō (上), Chū (中), Nami (並) and Tōgai (等外, substandard). The standard applies regardless of breed, age or sex. A carcass receives a grade only if it meets that grade’s conditions on all three counts: carcass weight with backfat thickness, appearance, and meat quality. There is no yield grade or BMS as there is for beef.
| Grade | Carcass weight (skinned) | Backfat thickness |
|---|---|---|
| Gokujō (極上) | 73.0〜81.0 kg | 1.5〜2.1 cm |
| Jō (上) | 68.0〜83.0 kg | 1.3〜2.4 cm |
| Chū (中) | 63.0〜88.0 kg | 0.9–2.7 cm (under 78 kg) / 1.0–3.0 cm (78 kg and over) |
| Nami (並) | Outside the ranges above | |
| Tōgai (等外) | Any of: fits none of the grades above; especially poor appearance or meat quality; yellow fat or especially poor fat; boar taint or other off-odour; large trimmed areas after hygiene inspection; heavy contamination | |
These weight bands are from the revised standard in force since 1 January 2023, which raised both limits by 3 kg. For scalded (skin-on) carcasses the bands are 6 kg heavier. [P001] [P031]
Grading conditions set by pork brands
- Hitachi no Kagayakigraded
Under the production and distribution manual, member distributors check meat quality and only pork at or above the set grade qualifies (the grade is not published)
- Noto Porkgraded
Graded by the Japan Meat Grading Association (no minimum grade is set)
- Fukui PorkJō+
“Jō” (上) or higher under the pork carcass standard
Graded Gokujō, Jō or Chū in the Japan Meat Grading Association's carcass grading
- Kyoto PorkJō / Chū / Nami
Japan Meat Grading standard: “Jō”, “Chū” or “Nami” (上・中・並)
- Okayama Kurobuta Porkgraded
Graded by a Japan Meat Grading Association grader (no minimum grade is set)
Graded “Chū” (中) or higher by the Japan Meat Grading Association
Graded “Chū” (中) or higher by the Japan Meat Grading Association
Guides
- Does Kobe beef have to be A5? We counted the grading rules of 100 Japanese beef brands
- Matsusaka, Kobe, Omi, Yonezawa: what each famous wagyu name actually requires
- Heifers, steers, or anything? The sex rules of 100 Japanese beef brands
- Where must Japanese brand beef be raised? We counted the region rules of 100 brands
- How old is Japanese brand beef? We counted the age rules of 100 brands
- Same body, different brands: how 31 Japanese meat brands from 13 bodies differ
- What counts as wagyu? Four breeds, born and raised in Japan — and how 100 beef brands break down
Sources
- 牛枝肉取引規格 — Japan Meat Grading Association ・ Primary source ・ Accessed 2026-09-18
- [P001] 豚枝肉取引規格 — Japan Meat Grading Association ・ Primary source ・ Accessed 2026-10-06
- [P031] 豚枝肉取引規格の改正について(令和4年5月10日) — Japan Meat Grading Association ・ Primary source ・ Accessed 2026-10-06